Diarrhea/ Constipation

Changes in habits or lifestyle, such as travel, pregnancy, and old age

Abuse of laxatives

Inadequate fiber and fluid intake

Sedentary lifestyle

Environmental changes

Repeatedly ignoring the urge to have a bowel movement

Pain killers

Antidepressants/Tranquilizers

Blood pressure medication

Diuretics

Iron supplements/Calcium supplements

Laxative dependence or abuse

Diet modifications, diet with 20 to 35 grams of fiber daily helps in the formation of soft, bulky stool. Foods such as beans, whole grains, bran cereals, fresh fruits and vegetables are high fiber diet. Limiting foods such as ice cream, cheeses, meats, and processed foods can also be helpful.

Lifestyle changes, increased water intake, regular exercise, and designating a specific time each day to have a bowel movement may be helpful to some patients.

Laxatives

Eliminating or changing medication

Biofeedback, to treat chronic constipation caused by anorectal dysfunction. This treatment retrains the muscles that control release of bowel movements.

In rare circumstances surgical procedures may be necessary to treat constipation.